Review



powdered β estradiol  (Tokyo Chemical Industry)

 
  • Logo
  • About
  • News
  • Press Release
  • Team
  • Advisors
  • Partners
  • Contact
  • Bioz Stars
  • Bioz vStars
    • 86
      Buy from Supplier

    Structured Review

    Tokyo Chemical Industry powdered β estradiol
    (A) Diagram of transformation and selection for obtaining homozygote T 2 transgenic lines containing the XVE:ROS1-YFP vector (XR1) and wild-type Nipponbare null segregant (NB*) from parental transformant line (T 0 ) (B) Validation of <t>β-estradiol-dependent</t> AtROS1 transcriptional expression in leaves of transgenic XR1 seedlings through RT-PCR, while germinated in liquid media containing 150μM β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) for 6 days (6d), and subsequent transcriptional deactivation after additional 11 days of growth in absence of β-estradiol (2.5w). (C) Validation of β-estradiol-dependent AtROS1 protein expression in transgenic XR1+ seedlings through tagged YFP Venus fluorescence imaging. Roots were imaged after 6d of germination in liquid media containing β-estradiol (+) or mock (-), and protein expression disappeared after additional 11 days of growth in absence of β-estradiol (2.5w; scale bar: 100µm) (D) Left panel: seed yields per plant for NB* and XR1 plants treated with β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) at 6d and grown until seed set. Differences in average seed number produced per plant between XR1 lines and NB* control were assessed statistically by two-tailed Student’s t-test ( n = six plants). Right panel: individual seed weight (in mg) across β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) treated NB* and XR1 rice plants. Center line indicates median, with lower and upper quartiles below and above; small crosses indicate mean; red line indicates grand mean seed weight across the six plants. Differences in seed weights between NB*-, XR1- and XR1+ plants were assessed with a linear mixed model, with replicates as a random grouping factor using SPSS ( p = 0.713). Post-hoc comparison were performed using Bonferroni-corrected estimated marginal means between NB*-, XR1- and XR1+ plants (small letters, n. s ). (E) Diagram of experimental setup for induction and analysis of within-generation and transgenerational methylome alterations and pathogen resistance phenotyping. Green dots indicate separate batches (i.e. seedlings/plants) used in each experiment.
    Powdered β Estradiol, supplied by Tokyo Chemical Industry, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/powdered+%CE%B2+estradiol/estradiol+%CE%B2/bio_rxiv__64898__2026__05__03__722557-105-0-2
    Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    powdered β estradiol - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    86/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Molding the Rice Methylome for Disease Resistance"

    Article Title: Molding the Rice Methylome for Disease Resistance

    Journal: bioRxiv

    doi: 10.64898/2026.05.03.722557

    (A) Diagram of transformation and selection for obtaining homozygote T 2 transgenic lines containing the XVE:ROS1-YFP vector (XR1) and wild-type Nipponbare null segregant (NB*) from parental transformant line (T 0 ) (B) Validation of β-estradiol-dependent AtROS1 transcriptional expression in leaves of transgenic XR1 seedlings through RT-PCR, while germinated in liquid media containing 150μM β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) for 6 days (6d), and subsequent transcriptional deactivation after additional 11 days of growth in absence of β-estradiol (2.5w). (C) Validation of β-estradiol-dependent AtROS1 protein expression in transgenic XR1+ seedlings through tagged YFP Venus fluorescence imaging. Roots were imaged after 6d of germination in liquid media containing β-estradiol (+) or mock (-), and protein expression disappeared after additional 11 days of growth in absence of β-estradiol (2.5w; scale bar: 100µm) (D) Left panel: seed yields per plant for NB* and XR1 plants treated with β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) at 6d and grown until seed set. Differences in average seed number produced per plant between XR1 lines and NB* control were assessed statistically by two-tailed Student’s t-test ( n = six plants). Right panel: individual seed weight (in mg) across β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) treated NB* and XR1 rice plants. Center line indicates median, with lower and upper quartiles below and above; small crosses indicate mean; red line indicates grand mean seed weight across the six plants. Differences in seed weights between NB*-, XR1- and XR1+ plants were assessed with a linear mixed model, with replicates as a random grouping factor using SPSS ( p = 0.713). Post-hoc comparison were performed using Bonferroni-corrected estimated marginal means between NB*-, XR1- and XR1+ plants (small letters, n. s ). (E) Diagram of experimental setup for induction and analysis of within-generation and transgenerational methylome alterations and pathogen resistance phenotyping. Green dots indicate separate batches (i.e. seedlings/plants) used in each experiment.
    Figure Legend Snippet: (A) Diagram of transformation and selection for obtaining homozygote T 2 transgenic lines containing the XVE:ROS1-YFP vector (XR1) and wild-type Nipponbare null segregant (NB*) from parental transformant line (T 0 ) (B) Validation of β-estradiol-dependent AtROS1 transcriptional expression in leaves of transgenic XR1 seedlings through RT-PCR, while germinated in liquid media containing 150μM β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) for 6 days (6d), and subsequent transcriptional deactivation after additional 11 days of growth in absence of β-estradiol (2.5w). (C) Validation of β-estradiol-dependent AtROS1 protein expression in transgenic XR1+ seedlings through tagged YFP Venus fluorescence imaging. Roots were imaged after 6d of germination in liquid media containing β-estradiol (+) or mock (-), and protein expression disappeared after additional 11 days of growth in absence of β-estradiol (2.5w; scale bar: 100µm) (D) Left panel: seed yields per plant for NB* and XR1 plants treated with β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) at 6d and grown until seed set. Differences in average seed number produced per plant between XR1 lines and NB* control were assessed statistically by two-tailed Student’s t-test ( n = six plants). Right panel: individual seed weight (in mg) across β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) treated NB* and XR1 rice plants. Center line indicates median, with lower and upper quartiles below and above; small crosses indicate mean; red line indicates grand mean seed weight across the six plants. Differences in seed weights between NB*-, XR1- and XR1+ plants were assessed with a linear mixed model, with replicates as a random grouping factor using SPSS ( p = 0.713). Post-hoc comparison were performed using Bonferroni-corrected estimated marginal means between NB*-, XR1- and XR1+ plants (small letters, n. s ). (E) Diagram of experimental setup for induction and analysis of within-generation and transgenerational methylome alterations and pathogen resistance phenotyping. Green dots indicate separate batches (i.e. seedlings/plants) used in each experiment.

    Techniques Used: Transformation Assay, Selection, Transgenic Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Biomarker Discovery, Expressing, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Fluorescence, Imaging, Produced, Control, Two Tailed Test, Comparison

    (A) Metaplots displaying average DNA methylation (all C contexts) in six-days old (6d) wild-type segregant NB* or transgenic XR1 rice seedlings germinated in liquid media containing 150μM β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) across all loci of Nipponbare telomere-to-telomere assembly (NIP-T2T), protein coding genes (PC) or transposable elements (TEs)/repeat elements (AGIS1.0 annotation). (B) Distribution of differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) density at representative chromosomes 7 and 8 identified in β-estradiol-treated XR1 seedlings (+) vs mock-treated ones (-), separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue). Above, yellow and grey density plots show distribution frequencies of PC or TEs loci, respectively. (C) Number of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in 6d XR1+ vs XR1-seedlings, separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue) (D) Venn diagrams: overlap (∩) between unique hypo- or hypermethylated DMRs in six-days old XR1+ vs XR1-seedlings with PC or TE loci (AGIS1.0 annotation); Table: number of unique genetic loci covered by one or more DMRs (percentage in parenthesis represents the proportion over the total number of respective loci in the annotation). (E) Browser view examples (IGV) of DMRs overlapping intergenic regions (left panels), PC gene (RAP ID Os09g0118666, middle panel) or both PC and TE (Locus ID LOC_Os02g17600, right panel). Blue bars: methylation % at cytosines in CG context, red bars: methylation % at cytosines in CHG contexts, green bars: methylation % at cytosines in CHH contexts. Positive and negative values represent methylation % of cytosines on the positive or negative strand, respectively.
    Figure Legend Snippet: (A) Metaplots displaying average DNA methylation (all C contexts) in six-days old (6d) wild-type segregant NB* or transgenic XR1 rice seedlings germinated in liquid media containing 150μM β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) across all loci of Nipponbare telomere-to-telomere assembly (NIP-T2T), protein coding genes (PC) or transposable elements (TEs)/repeat elements (AGIS1.0 annotation). (B) Distribution of differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) density at representative chromosomes 7 and 8 identified in β-estradiol-treated XR1 seedlings (+) vs mock-treated ones (-), separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue). Above, yellow and grey density plots show distribution frequencies of PC or TEs loci, respectively. (C) Number of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in 6d XR1+ vs XR1-seedlings, separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue) (D) Venn diagrams: overlap (∩) between unique hypo- or hypermethylated DMRs in six-days old XR1+ vs XR1-seedlings with PC or TE loci (AGIS1.0 annotation); Table: number of unique genetic loci covered by one or more DMRs (percentage in parenthesis represents the proportion over the total number of respective loci in the annotation). (E) Browser view examples (IGV) of DMRs overlapping intergenic regions (left panels), PC gene (RAP ID Os09g0118666, middle panel) or both PC and TE (Locus ID LOC_Os02g17600, right panel). Blue bars: methylation % at cytosines in CG context, red bars: methylation % at cytosines in CHG contexts, green bars: methylation % at cytosines in CHH contexts. Positive and negative values represent methylation % of cytosines on the positive or negative strand, respectively.

    Techniques Used: DNA Methylation Assay, Transgenic Assay, Methylation

    Metaplots displaying average DNA methylation separated by CG, CHG or CHH contexts in six-days old (6d) wild-type segregant NB* or transgenic XR1 rice seedlings germinated in liquid media containing 150μM β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) across all loci of Nipponbare telomere-to-telomere assembly (NIP-T2T), protein coding genes (PC) or transposable elements (TEs)/repeat elements (AGIS1.0 annotation).
    Figure Legend Snippet: Metaplots displaying average DNA methylation separated by CG, CHG or CHH contexts in six-days old (6d) wild-type segregant NB* or transgenic XR1 rice seedlings germinated in liquid media containing 150μM β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) across all loci of Nipponbare telomere-to-telomere assembly (NIP-T2T), protein coding genes (PC) or transposable elements (TEs)/repeat elements (AGIS1.0 annotation).

    Techniques Used: DNA Methylation Assay, Transgenic Assay

    Distribution of differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) density at all Nipponbare chromosomes identified in β-estradiol-treated XR1 seedlings (+) vs mock-treated ones (-), separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue). Above, yellow and grey density plots show distribution frequencies of PC or TEs loci, respectively.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Distribution of differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) density at all Nipponbare chromosomes identified in β-estradiol-treated XR1 seedlings (+) vs mock-treated ones (-), separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue). Above, yellow and grey density plots show distribution frequencies of PC or TEs loci, respectively.

    Techniques Used: Methylation

    (A) Distribution of methylated cytosines (DMCs) density at representative chromosomes 7 and 8 identified between 2.5 weeks-old (2.5w) XR1 plants treated with 150μM β-estradiol (+) at six days-old (6d) vs mock-treated ones (-), separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue). Lighter red and blue colors represent DMCs distribution in 6d seedlings (from ) for comparison. Above, yellow and grey density plots show distribution frequencies of PC or TE loci, respectively. (B) Number of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) identified in 2.5w XR1+ plants vs XR1-ones, separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue). (C) Basal resistance phenotype of 2.5w NB* and XR1 plants against X. oryzae infection. Displayed are lesion lengths (in mm) in rice leaves caused by the pathogen eight days post-inoculation (dpi) though the leaf clipping method. Center line indicates median, with lower and upper quartiles below and above; small crosses indicate mean. Statistically significant differences in lesion length between XR1 lines and NB* control were assessed by two-tailed Student’s t-test ( n =30+ leaves from 15+ plants, *** p- value <0.001). (D) Overlap between DMRs identified in 6d and 2.5w XR1+ plants with 163 genes causally linked with X. oryzae basal resistance genes reported in ( Tonnessen et al ., 2019 ).
    Figure Legend Snippet: (A) Distribution of methylated cytosines (DMCs) density at representative chromosomes 7 and 8 identified between 2.5 weeks-old (2.5w) XR1 plants treated with 150μM β-estradiol (+) at six days-old (6d) vs mock-treated ones (-), separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue). Lighter red and blue colors represent DMCs distribution in 6d seedlings (from ) for comparison. Above, yellow and grey density plots show distribution frequencies of PC or TE loci, respectively. (B) Number of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) identified in 2.5w XR1+ plants vs XR1-ones, separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue). (C) Basal resistance phenotype of 2.5w NB* and XR1 plants against X. oryzae infection. Displayed are lesion lengths (in mm) in rice leaves caused by the pathogen eight days post-inoculation (dpi) though the leaf clipping method. Center line indicates median, with lower and upper quartiles below and above; small crosses indicate mean. Statistically significant differences in lesion length between XR1 lines and NB* control were assessed by two-tailed Student’s t-test ( n =30+ leaves from 15+ plants, *** p- value <0.001). (D) Overlap between DMRs identified in 6d and 2.5w XR1+ plants with 163 genes causally linked with X. oryzae basal resistance genes reported in ( Tonnessen et al ., 2019 ).

    Techniques Used: Methylation, Comparison, Infection, Control, Two Tailed Test

    Distribution of methylated cytosines (DMCs) density at all Nipponbare chromosomes identified between 2.5 weeks-old (2.5w) XR1 plants treated with 150μM β-estradiol (+) at six days-old (6d) vs mock-treated ones (-), separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue). Lighter red and blue colors represent DMCs distribution in 6d seedlings (from ) for comparison. Above, yellow and grey density plots show distribution frequencies of PC or TE loci, respectively.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Distribution of methylated cytosines (DMCs) density at all Nipponbare chromosomes identified between 2.5 weeks-old (2.5w) XR1 plants treated with 150μM β-estradiol (+) at six days-old (6d) vs mock-treated ones (-), separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue). Lighter red and blue colors represent DMCs distribution in 6d seedlings (from ) for comparison. Above, yellow and grey density plots show distribution frequencies of PC or TE loci, respectively.

    Techniques Used: Methylation, Comparison

    (A) Number of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) identified in 2.5 weeks-old (2.5w) progeny XR1 plants (F 1 ) derived from parental lines treated with β-estradiol at their seedling stage (P 0 +, XR1-1 to XR1-6) vs parental lines treated with mock (P 0 -), separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue). Gray boxes indicate the number of hypo- or hypermethylated DMRs overlapping between P 0 and F 1 (transgenerational DMRs). For all lines, the number of transgenerational DMRs have been found to be significantly higher than expected than occurring by chance after random shuffling of the genomic regions (10000 permutations, *** p- value <0.001). (B) Basal resistance phenotype of F 1 2.5w NB* and XR1 plants against X. oryzae infection. Displayed are lesion lengths (in mm) in rice leaves caused by the pathogen eight days post-inoculation (dpi) though the leaf clipping method. Center line indicates median, with lower and upper quartiles below and above; small crosses indicate mean. Statistically significant differences in lesion length between XR1 lines and NB* control were assessed in pairwise comparisons by two-tailed Student’s t-test ( n =40+ leaves from 20+ plants, ** p- value <0.01, *** p- value <0.001). (C) Ontology terms enrichment (biological processes) for genes overlapped by transgenerational hypo- and hypermethylated DMRs unique to X. oryzae -resistant lines XR1-1, XR1-4, XR1-4 and XR1-6. (D) Browser view example (IGV) of transgenerational DMRs maintained as DNA hypomethylated epiallele in line XR1-3 and XR1-6 across one generation, located in the promoter of USP37 (RAP ID Os10g0463300, yellow bar below represents the first exon). Blue bars: methylation % at cytosines in CG context, red bars: methylation % at cytosines in CHG contexts, green bars: methylation % at cytosines in CHH contexts. Positive and negative values represent methylation % of cytosines on the positive or negative strand, respectively.
    Figure Legend Snippet: (A) Number of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) identified in 2.5 weeks-old (2.5w) progeny XR1 plants (F 1 ) derived from parental lines treated with β-estradiol at their seedling stage (P 0 +, XR1-1 to XR1-6) vs parental lines treated with mock (P 0 -), separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue). Gray boxes indicate the number of hypo- or hypermethylated DMRs overlapping between P 0 and F 1 (transgenerational DMRs). For all lines, the number of transgenerational DMRs have been found to be significantly higher than expected than occurring by chance after random shuffling of the genomic regions (10000 permutations, *** p- value <0.001). (B) Basal resistance phenotype of F 1 2.5w NB* and XR1 plants against X. oryzae infection. Displayed are lesion lengths (in mm) in rice leaves caused by the pathogen eight days post-inoculation (dpi) though the leaf clipping method. Center line indicates median, with lower and upper quartiles below and above; small crosses indicate mean. Statistically significant differences in lesion length between XR1 lines and NB* control were assessed in pairwise comparisons by two-tailed Student’s t-test ( n =40+ leaves from 20+ plants, ** p- value <0.01, *** p- value <0.001). (C) Ontology terms enrichment (biological processes) for genes overlapped by transgenerational hypo- and hypermethylated DMRs unique to X. oryzae -resistant lines XR1-1, XR1-4, XR1-4 and XR1-6. (D) Browser view example (IGV) of transgenerational DMRs maintained as DNA hypomethylated epiallele in line XR1-3 and XR1-6 across one generation, located in the promoter of USP37 (RAP ID Os10g0463300, yellow bar below represents the first exon). Blue bars: methylation % at cytosines in CG context, red bars: methylation % at cytosines in CHG contexts, green bars: methylation % at cytosines in CHH contexts. Positive and negative values represent methylation % of cytosines on the positive or negative strand, respectively.

    Techniques Used: Methylation, Derivative Assay, Infection, Control, Two Tailed Test

    Related Articles

    Concentration Assay:

    Article Title: Molding the Rice Methylome for Disease Resistance
    Article Snippet: Dehusked and surface-sterilizes rice seeds (70% EtOH, 1 min) were germinated in 50ml of sterile 1⁄2 strength liquid MS media (Sigma-Aldrich, + 0.01% MES, pH 5.8) supplemented with β-estradiol or mock. .. Powdered β-estradiol (TCI chemicals) was dissolved to 100mM stock concentration using DMSO (Fujifilm Wako chemicals). ..



    Similar Products

    powdered β estradiol  (Tokyo Chemical Industry)
    86
    Tokyo Chemical Industry powdered β estradiol
    (A) Diagram of transformation and selection for obtaining homozygote T 2 transgenic lines containing the XVE:ROS1-YFP vector (XR1) and wild-type Nipponbare null segregant (NB*) from parental transformant line (T 0 ) (B) Validation of <t>β-estradiol-dependent</t> AtROS1 transcriptional expression in leaves of transgenic XR1 seedlings through RT-PCR, while germinated in liquid media containing 150μM β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) for 6 days (6d), and subsequent transcriptional deactivation after additional 11 days of growth in absence of β-estradiol (2.5w). (C) Validation of β-estradiol-dependent AtROS1 protein expression in transgenic XR1+ seedlings through tagged YFP Venus fluorescence imaging. Roots were imaged after 6d of germination in liquid media containing β-estradiol (+) or mock (-), and protein expression disappeared after additional 11 days of growth in absence of β-estradiol (2.5w; scale bar: 100µm) (D) Left panel: seed yields per plant for NB* and XR1 plants treated with β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) at 6d and grown until seed set. Differences in average seed number produced per plant between XR1 lines and NB* control were assessed statistically by two-tailed Student’s t-test ( n = six plants). Right panel: individual seed weight (in mg) across β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) treated NB* and XR1 rice plants. Center line indicates median, with lower and upper quartiles below and above; small crosses indicate mean; red line indicates grand mean seed weight across the six plants. Differences in seed weights between NB*-, XR1- and XR1+ plants were assessed with a linear mixed model, with replicates as a random grouping factor using SPSS ( p = 0.713). Post-hoc comparison were performed using Bonferroni-corrected estimated marginal means between NB*-, XR1- and XR1+ plants (small letters, n. s ). (E) Diagram of experimental setup for induction and analysis of within-generation and transgenerational methylome alterations and pathogen resistance phenotyping. Green dots indicate separate batches (i.e. seedlings/plants) used in each experiment.
    Powdered β Estradiol, supplied by Tokyo Chemical Industry, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/powdered+%CE%B2+estradiol/estradiol+%CE%B2/bio_rxiv__64898__2026__05__03__722557-105-0-2
    Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    powdered β estradiol - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    86/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    β estradiol benzoate powder  (MedChemExpress)
    97
    MedChemExpress β estradiol benzoate powder
    (A) Diagram of transformation and selection for obtaining homozygote T 2 transgenic lines containing the XVE:ROS1-YFP vector (XR1) and wild-type Nipponbare null segregant (NB*) from parental transformant line (T 0 ) (B) Validation of <t>β-estradiol-dependent</t> AtROS1 transcriptional expression in leaves of transgenic XR1 seedlings through RT-PCR, while germinated in liquid media containing 150μM β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) for 6 days (6d), and subsequent transcriptional deactivation after additional 11 days of growth in absence of β-estradiol (2.5w). (C) Validation of β-estradiol-dependent AtROS1 protein expression in transgenic XR1+ seedlings through tagged YFP Venus fluorescence imaging. Roots were imaged after 6d of germination in liquid media containing β-estradiol (+) or mock (-), and protein expression disappeared after additional 11 days of growth in absence of β-estradiol (2.5w; scale bar: 100µm) (D) Left panel: seed yields per plant for NB* and XR1 plants treated with β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) at 6d and grown until seed set. Differences in average seed number produced per plant between XR1 lines and NB* control were assessed statistically by two-tailed Student’s t-test ( n = six plants). Right panel: individual seed weight (in mg) across β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) treated NB* and XR1 rice plants. Center line indicates median, with lower and upper quartiles below and above; small crosses indicate mean; red line indicates grand mean seed weight across the six plants. Differences in seed weights between NB*-, XR1- and XR1+ plants were assessed with a linear mixed model, with replicates as a random grouping factor using SPSS ( p = 0.713). Post-hoc comparison were performed using Bonferroni-corrected estimated marginal means between NB*-, XR1- and XR1+ plants (small letters, n. s ). (E) Diagram of experimental setup for induction and analysis of within-generation and transgenerational methylome alterations and pathogen resistance phenotyping. Green dots indicate separate batches (i.e. seedlings/plants) used in each experiment.
    β Estradiol Benzoate Powder, supplied by MedChemExpress, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 97/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/powdered+%CE%B2+estradiol/Estradiol/pmc09448539-90-13-2
    Average 97 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    β estradiol benzoate powder - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    97/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    β-estradiol powder  (Millipore)
    90
    Millipore β-estradiol powder
    (A) Diagram of transformation and selection for obtaining homozygote T 2 transgenic lines containing the XVE:ROS1-YFP vector (XR1) and wild-type Nipponbare null segregant (NB*) from parental transformant line (T 0 ) (B) Validation of <t>β-estradiol-dependent</t> AtROS1 transcriptional expression in leaves of transgenic XR1 seedlings through RT-PCR, while germinated in liquid media containing 150μM β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) for 6 days (6d), and subsequent transcriptional deactivation after additional 11 days of growth in absence of β-estradiol (2.5w). (C) Validation of β-estradiol-dependent AtROS1 protein expression in transgenic XR1+ seedlings through tagged YFP Venus fluorescence imaging. Roots were imaged after 6d of germination in liquid media containing β-estradiol (+) or mock (-), and protein expression disappeared after additional 11 days of growth in absence of β-estradiol (2.5w; scale bar: 100µm) (D) Left panel: seed yields per plant for NB* and XR1 plants treated with β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) at 6d and grown until seed set. Differences in average seed number produced per plant between XR1 lines and NB* control were assessed statistically by two-tailed Student’s t-test ( n = six plants). Right panel: individual seed weight (in mg) across β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) treated NB* and XR1 rice plants. Center line indicates median, with lower and upper quartiles below and above; small crosses indicate mean; red line indicates grand mean seed weight across the six plants. Differences in seed weights between NB*-, XR1- and XR1+ plants were assessed with a linear mixed model, with replicates as a random grouping factor using SPSS ( p = 0.713). Post-hoc comparison were performed using Bonferroni-corrected estimated marginal means between NB*-, XR1- and XR1+ plants (small letters, n. s ). (E) Diagram of experimental setup for induction and analysis of within-generation and transgenerational methylome alterations and pathogen resistance phenotyping. Green dots indicate separate batches (i.e. seedlings/plants) used in each experiment.
    β Estradiol Powder, supplied by Millipore, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/powdered+%CE%B2+estradiol/estradiol+powder/pm28054361-80-3-8
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    β-estradiol powder - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    90/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    β-estradiol powder  (Thermo Fisher)
    90
    Thermo Fisher β-estradiol powder
    Pik3cd−/− mice responded poorly to <t>E2</t> and PMSG induced follicle growth and steroidogenesis. A, Super-ovulation assay for 21–23 day-old Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− littermate females (n = 5 and 6, respectively). Oocytes were harvested from oviducts 16 h after hCG injection and counted under a stereoscope; ***, P < .001. B, Weights of Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries after treatment with PMSG (n = 5 for each genotype); ***, P < .001. C, Numbers of antral follicles in the ovaries of Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− females treated with PMSG for 44 h (n = 3 for each genotype, ovary samples were serially sectioned at 5 μm thicknesses, antral follicles with clear oocyte nuclei were counted on each section); *, P < .05. D, Weights of Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries after treatment with E2 (n = 6 for each genotype); **, P < .01. E, H&E staining of representative Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries at PD21, or PD21 treated with E2 (72 h), PMSG (44 h), or PMSG plus hCG (44 h and 16 h). Scale bar, 200 μm. F, BrdU incorporation demonstrated cell proliferation in ovaries of wild-type mice (PD23) with or without E2 treatment. Scale bar, 100 μm. G, BrdU incorporation demonstrated cell proliferation in the ovaries of Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− mice after E2 injections (72 h). Scale bar, 200 μm. H, Serum levels <t>of</t> <t>estradiol</t> (E2) and progesterone (P4) in 5 week-old Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− mice 44 h after PMSG and/or followed by hCG for 48 h (n = 6 for Pik3cd+/−, n = 8 for Pik3cd−/− for each treatment), E2 and P4 levels of PD23 wild-type untreated mice were measured as basal level control; **, P < .01; *, P < .05. I, IHC results for 3β-HSD in Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries at PD23 with or without PMSG treatment (44 h). Scale bar, 200 μm. J and K, Cyp19 and Fshr mRNA levels were detected by Real Time PCR in PD23 Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries before and after PMSG treatment (44 h) (n = 3 for each treatment); **, P < .01; *, P < .05. L, H&E staining of Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries after transplantation. Ovaries removed from 3-day-old mice were transplanted into the kidney capsules of WT adult females followed by daily FSH injection for 20 days. Scale bar, 200 μm.
    β Estradiol Powder, supplied by Thermo Fisher, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/powdered+%CE%B2+estradiol/pmc05415238-64-1-5
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    β-estradiol powder - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    90/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    estradiol powder (ß-estradiol  (Millipore)
    90
    Millipore estradiol powder (ß-estradiol
    Pik3cd−/− mice responded poorly to <t>E2</t> and PMSG induced follicle growth and steroidogenesis. A, Super-ovulation assay for 21–23 day-old Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− littermate females (n = 5 and 6, respectively). Oocytes were harvested from oviducts 16 h after hCG injection and counted under a stereoscope; ***, P < .001. B, Weights of Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries after treatment with PMSG (n = 5 for each genotype); ***, P < .001. C, Numbers of antral follicles in the ovaries of Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− females treated with PMSG for 44 h (n = 3 for each genotype, ovary samples were serially sectioned at 5 μm thicknesses, antral follicles with clear oocyte nuclei were counted on each section); *, P < .05. D, Weights of Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries after treatment with E2 (n = 6 for each genotype); **, P < .01. E, H&E staining of representative Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries at PD21, or PD21 treated with E2 (72 h), PMSG (44 h), or PMSG plus hCG (44 h and 16 h). Scale bar, 200 μm. F, BrdU incorporation demonstrated cell proliferation in ovaries of wild-type mice (PD23) with or without E2 treatment. Scale bar, 100 μm. G, BrdU incorporation demonstrated cell proliferation in the ovaries of Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− mice after E2 injections (72 h). Scale bar, 200 μm. H, Serum levels <t>of</t> <t>estradiol</t> (E2) and progesterone (P4) in 5 week-old Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− mice 44 h after PMSG and/or followed by hCG for 48 h (n = 6 for Pik3cd+/−, n = 8 for Pik3cd−/− for each treatment), E2 and P4 levels of PD23 wild-type untreated mice were measured as basal level control; **, P < .01; *, P < .05. I, IHC results for 3β-HSD in Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries at PD23 with or without PMSG treatment (44 h). Scale bar, 200 μm. J and K, Cyp19 and Fshr mRNA levels were detected by Real Time PCR in PD23 Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries before and after PMSG treatment (44 h) (n = 3 for each treatment); **, P < .01; *, P < .05. L, H&E staining of Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries after transplantation. Ovaries removed from 3-day-old mice were transplanted into the kidney capsules of WT adult females followed by daily FSH injection for 20 days. Scale bar, 200 μm.
    Estradiol Powder (ß Estradiol, supplied by Millipore, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/powdered+%CE%B2+estradiol/estradiol+powder/pm11435755-52-10-13
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    estradiol powder (ß-estradiol - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    90/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier

    Image Search Results


    (A) Diagram of transformation and selection for obtaining homozygote T 2 transgenic lines containing the XVE:ROS1-YFP vector (XR1) and wild-type Nipponbare null segregant (NB*) from parental transformant line (T 0 ) (B) Validation of β-estradiol-dependent AtROS1 transcriptional expression in leaves of transgenic XR1 seedlings through RT-PCR, while germinated in liquid media containing 150μM β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) for 6 days (6d), and subsequent transcriptional deactivation after additional 11 days of growth in absence of β-estradiol (2.5w). (C) Validation of β-estradiol-dependent AtROS1 protein expression in transgenic XR1+ seedlings through tagged YFP Venus fluorescence imaging. Roots were imaged after 6d of germination in liquid media containing β-estradiol (+) or mock (-), and protein expression disappeared after additional 11 days of growth in absence of β-estradiol (2.5w; scale bar: 100µm) (D) Left panel: seed yields per plant for NB* and XR1 plants treated with β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) at 6d and grown until seed set. Differences in average seed number produced per plant between XR1 lines and NB* control were assessed statistically by two-tailed Student’s t-test ( n = six plants). Right panel: individual seed weight (in mg) across β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) treated NB* and XR1 rice plants. Center line indicates median, with lower and upper quartiles below and above; small crosses indicate mean; red line indicates grand mean seed weight across the six plants. Differences in seed weights between NB*-, XR1- and XR1+ plants were assessed with a linear mixed model, with replicates as a random grouping factor using SPSS ( p = 0.713). Post-hoc comparison were performed using Bonferroni-corrected estimated marginal means between NB*-, XR1- and XR1+ plants (small letters, n. s ). (E) Diagram of experimental setup for induction and analysis of within-generation and transgenerational methylome alterations and pathogen resistance phenotyping. Green dots indicate separate batches (i.e. seedlings/plants) used in each experiment.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Molding the Rice Methylome for Disease Resistance

    doi: 10.64898/2026.05.03.722557

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Diagram of transformation and selection for obtaining homozygote T 2 transgenic lines containing the XVE:ROS1-YFP vector (XR1) and wild-type Nipponbare null segregant (NB*) from parental transformant line (T 0 ) (B) Validation of β-estradiol-dependent AtROS1 transcriptional expression in leaves of transgenic XR1 seedlings through RT-PCR, while germinated in liquid media containing 150μM β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) for 6 days (6d), and subsequent transcriptional deactivation after additional 11 days of growth in absence of β-estradiol (2.5w). (C) Validation of β-estradiol-dependent AtROS1 protein expression in transgenic XR1+ seedlings through tagged YFP Venus fluorescence imaging. Roots were imaged after 6d of germination in liquid media containing β-estradiol (+) or mock (-), and protein expression disappeared after additional 11 days of growth in absence of β-estradiol (2.5w; scale bar: 100µm) (D) Left panel: seed yields per plant for NB* and XR1 plants treated with β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) at 6d and grown until seed set. Differences in average seed number produced per plant between XR1 lines and NB* control were assessed statistically by two-tailed Student’s t-test ( n = six plants). Right panel: individual seed weight (in mg) across β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) treated NB* and XR1 rice plants. Center line indicates median, with lower and upper quartiles below and above; small crosses indicate mean; red line indicates grand mean seed weight across the six plants. Differences in seed weights between NB*-, XR1- and XR1+ plants were assessed with a linear mixed model, with replicates as a random grouping factor using SPSS ( p = 0.713). Post-hoc comparison were performed using Bonferroni-corrected estimated marginal means between NB*-, XR1- and XR1+ plants (small letters, n. s ). (E) Diagram of experimental setup for induction and analysis of within-generation and transgenerational methylome alterations and pathogen resistance phenotyping. Green dots indicate separate batches (i.e. seedlings/plants) used in each experiment.

    Article Snippet: Powdered β-estradiol (TCI chemicals) was dissolved to 100mM stock concentration using DMSO (Fujifilm Wako chemicals).

    Techniques: Transformation Assay, Selection, Transgenic Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Biomarker Discovery, Expressing, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Fluorescence, Imaging, Produced, Control, Two Tailed Test, Comparison

    (A) Metaplots displaying average DNA methylation (all C contexts) in six-days old (6d) wild-type segregant NB* or transgenic XR1 rice seedlings germinated in liquid media containing 150μM β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) across all loci of Nipponbare telomere-to-telomere assembly (NIP-T2T), protein coding genes (PC) or transposable elements (TEs)/repeat elements (AGIS1.0 annotation). (B) Distribution of differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) density at representative chromosomes 7 and 8 identified in β-estradiol-treated XR1 seedlings (+) vs mock-treated ones (-), separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue). Above, yellow and grey density plots show distribution frequencies of PC or TEs loci, respectively. (C) Number of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in 6d XR1+ vs XR1-seedlings, separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue) (D) Venn diagrams: overlap (∩) between unique hypo- or hypermethylated DMRs in six-days old XR1+ vs XR1-seedlings with PC or TE loci (AGIS1.0 annotation); Table: number of unique genetic loci covered by one or more DMRs (percentage in parenthesis represents the proportion over the total number of respective loci in the annotation). (E) Browser view examples (IGV) of DMRs overlapping intergenic regions (left panels), PC gene (RAP ID Os09g0118666, middle panel) or both PC and TE (Locus ID LOC_Os02g17600, right panel). Blue bars: methylation % at cytosines in CG context, red bars: methylation % at cytosines in CHG contexts, green bars: methylation % at cytosines in CHH contexts. Positive and negative values represent methylation % of cytosines on the positive or negative strand, respectively.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Molding the Rice Methylome for Disease Resistance

    doi: 10.64898/2026.05.03.722557

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Metaplots displaying average DNA methylation (all C contexts) in six-days old (6d) wild-type segregant NB* or transgenic XR1 rice seedlings germinated in liquid media containing 150μM β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) across all loci of Nipponbare telomere-to-telomere assembly (NIP-T2T), protein coding genes (PC) or transposable elements (TEs)/repeat elements (AGIS1.0 annotation). (B) Distribution of differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) density at representative chromosomes 7 and 8 identified in β-estradiol-treated XR1 seedlings (+) vs mock-treated ones (-), separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue). Above, yellow and grey density plots show distribution frequencies of PC or TEs loci, respectively. (C) Number of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in 6d XR1+ vs XR1-seedlings, separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue) (D) Venn diagrams: overlap (∩) between unique hypo- or hypermethylated DMRs in six-days old XR1+ vs XR1-seedlings with PC or TE loci (AGIS1.0 annotation); Table: number of unique genetic loci covered by one or more DMRs (percentage in parenthesis represents the proportion over the total number of respective loci in the annotation). (E) Browser view examples (IGV) of DMRs overlapping intergenic regions (left panels), PC gene (RAP ID Os09g0118666, middle panel) or both PC and TE (Locus ID LOC_Os02g17600, right panel). Blue bars: methylation % at cytosines in CG context, red bars: methylation % at cytosines in CHG contexts, green bars: methylation % at cytosines in CHH contexts. Positive and negative values represent methylation % of cytosines on the positive or negative strand, respectively.

    Article Snippet: Powdered β-estradiol (TCI chemicals) was dissolved to 100mM stock concentration using DMSO (Fujifilm Wako chemicals).

    Techniques: DNA Methylation Assay, Transgenic Assay, Methylation

    Metaplots displaying average DNA methylation separated by CG, CHG or CHH contexts in six-days old (6d) wild-type segregant NB* or transgenic XR1 rice seedlings germinated in liquid media containing 150μM β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) across all loci of Nipponbare telomere-to-telomere assembly (NIP-T2T), protein coding genes (PC) or transposable elements (TEs)/repeat elements (AGIS1.0 annotation).

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Molding the Rice Methylome for Disease Resistance

    doi: 10.64898/2026.05.03.722557

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Metaplots displaying average DNA methylation separated by CG, CHG or CHH contexts in six-days old (6d) wild-type segregant NB* or transgenic XR1 rice seedlings germinated in liquid media containing 150μM β-estradiol (+) or mock (-) across all loci of Nipponbare telomere-to-telomere assembly (NIP-T2T), protein coding genes (PC) or transposable elements (TEs)/repeat elements (AGIS1.0 annotation).

    Article Snippet: Powdered β-estradiol (TCI chemicals) was dissolved to 100mM stock concentration using DMSO (Fujifilm Wako chemicals).

    Techniques: DNA Methylation Assay, Transgenic Assay

    Distribution of differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) density at all Nipponbare chromosomes identified in β-estradiol-treated XR1 seedlings (+) vs mock-treated ones (-), separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue). Above, yellow and grey density plots show distribution frequencies of PC or TEs loci, respectively.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Molding the Rice Methylome for Disease Resistance

    doi: 10.64898/2026.05.03.722557

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) density at all Nipponbare chromosomes identified in β-estradiol-treated XR1 seedlings (+) vs mock-treated ones (-), separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue). Above, yellow and grey density plots show distribution frequencies of PC or TEs loci, respectively.

    Article Snippet: Powdered β-estradiol (TCI chemicals) was dissolved to 100mM stock concentration using DMSO (Fujifilm Wako chemicals).

    Techniques: Methylation

    (A) Distribution of methylated cytosines (DMCs) density at representative chromosomes 7 and 8 identified between 2.5 weeks-old (2.5w) XR1 plants treated with 150μM β-estradiol (+) at six days-old (6d) vs mock-treated ones (-), separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue). Lighter red and blue colors represent DMCs distribution in 6d seedlings (from ) for comparison. Above, yellow and grey density plots show distribution frequencies of PC or TE loci, respectively. (B) Number of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) identified in 2.5w XR1+ plants vs XR1-ones, separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue). (C) Basal resistance phenotype of 2.5w NB* and XR1 plants against X. oryzae infection. Displayed are lesion lengths (in mm) in rice leaves caused by the pathogen eight days post-inoculation (dpi) though the leaf clipping method. Center line indicates median, with lower and upper quartiles below and above; small crosses indicate mean. Statistically significant differences in lesion length between XR1 lines and NB* control were assessed by two-tailed Student’s t-test ( n =30+ leaves from 15+ plants, *** p- value <0.001). (D) Overlap between DMRs identified in 6d and 2.5w XR1+ plants with 163 genes causally linked with X. oryzae basal resistance genes reported in ( Tonnessen et al ., 2019 ).

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Molding the Rice Methylome for Disease Resistance

    doi: 10.64898/2026.05.03.722557

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Distribution of methylated cytosines (DMCs) density at representative chromosomes 7 and 8 identified between 2.5 weeks-old (2.5w) XR1 plants treated with 150μM β-estradiol (+) at six days-old (6d) vs mock-treated ones (-), separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue). Lighter red and blue colors represent DMCs distribution in 6d seedlings (from ) for comparison. Above, yellow and grey density plots show distribution frequencies of PC or TE loci, respectively. (B) Number of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) identified in 2.5w XR1+ plants vs XR1-ones, separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue). (C) Basal resistance phenotype of 2.5w NB* and XR1 plants against X. oryzae infection. Displayed are lesion lengths (in mm) in rice leaves caused by the pathogen eight days post-inoculation (dpi) though the leaf clipping method. Center line indicates median, with lower and upper quartiles below and above; small crosses indicate mean. Statistically significant differences in lesion length between XR1 lines and NB* control were assessed by two-tailed Student’s t-test ( n =30+ leaves from 15+ plants, *** p- value <0.001). (D) Overlap between DMRs identified in 6d and 2.5w XR1+ plants with 163 genes causally linked with X. oryzae basal resistance genes reported in ( Tonnessen et al ., 2019 ).

    Article Snippet: Powdered β-estradiol (TCI chemicals) was dissolved to 100mM stock concentration using DMSO (Fujifilm Wako chemicals).

    Techniques: Methylation, Comparison, Infection, Control, Two Tailed Test

    Distribution of methylated cytosines (DMCs) density at all Nipponbare chromosomes identified between 2.5 weeks-old (2.5w) XR1 plants treated with 150μM β-estradiol (+) at six days-old (6d) vs mock-treated ones (-), separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue). Lighter red and blue colors represent DMCs distribution in 6d seedlings (from ) for comparison. Above, yellow and grey density plots show distribution frequencies of PC or TE loci, respectively.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Molding the Rice Methylome for Disease Resistance

    doi: 10.64898/2026.05.03.722557

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of methylated cytosines (DMCs) density at all Nipponbare chromosomes identified between 2.5 weeks-old (2.5w) XR1 plants treated with 150μM β-estradiol (+) at six days-old (6d) vs mock-treated ones (-), separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue). Lighter red and blue colors represent DMCs distribution in 6d seedlings (from ) for comparison. Above, yellow and grey density plots show distribution frequencies of PC or TE loci, respectively.

    Article Snippet: Powdered β-estradiol (TCI chemicals) was dissolved to 100mM stock concentration using DMSO (Fujifilm Wako chemicals).

    Techniques: Methylation, Comparison

    (A) Number of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) identified in 2.5 weeks-old (2.5w) progeny XR1 plants (F 1 ) derived from parental lines treated with β-estradiol at their seedling stage (P 0 +, XR1-1 to XR1-6) vs parental lines treated with mock (P 0 -), separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue). Gray boxes indicate the number of hypo- or hypermethylated DMRs overlapping between P 0 and F 1 (transgenerational DMRs). For all lines, the number of transgenerational DMRs have been found to be significantly higher than expected than occurring by chance after random shuffling of the genomic regions (10000 permutations, *** p- value <0.001). (B) Basal resistance phenotype of F 1 2.5w NB* and XR1 plants against X. oryzae infection. Displayed are lesion lengths (in mm) in rice leaves caused by the pathogen eight days post-inoculation (dpi) though the leaf clipping method. Center line indicates median, with lower and upper quartiles below and above; small crosses indicate mean. Statistically significant differences in lesion length between XR1 lines and NB* control were assessed in pairwise comparisons by two-tailed Student’s t-test ( n =40+ leaves from 20+ plants, ** p- value <0.01, *** p- value <0.001). (C) Ontology terms enrichment (biological processes) for genes overlapped by transgenerational hypo- and hypermethylated DMRs unique to X. oryzae -resistant lines XR1-1, XR1-4, XR1-4 and XR1-6. (D) Browser view example (IGV) of transgenerational DMRs maintained as DNA hypomethylated epiallele in line XR1-3 and XR1-6 across one generation, located in the promoter of USP37 (RAP ID Os10g0463300, yellow bar below represents the first exon). Blue bars: methylation % at cytosines in CG context, red bars: methylation % at cytosines in CHG contexts, green bars: methylation % at cytosines in CHH contexts. Positive and negative values represent methylation % of cytosines on the positive or negative strand, respectively.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Molding the Rice Methylome for Disease Resistance

    doi: 10.64898/2026.05.03.722557

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Number of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) identified in 2.5 weeks-old (2.5w) progeny XR1 plants (F 1 ) derived from parental lines treated with β-estradiol at their seedling stage (P 0 +, XR1-1 to XR1-6) vs parental lines treated with mock (P 0 -), separated by hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue). Gray boxes indicate the number of hypo- or hypermethylated DMRs overlapping between P 0 and F 1 (transgenerational DMRs). For all lines, the number of transgenerational DMRs have been found to be significantly higher than expected than occurring by chance after random shuffling of the genomic regions (10000 permutations, *** p- value <0.001). (B) Basal resistance phenotype of F 1 2.5w NB* and XR1 plants against X. oryzae infection. Displayed are lesion lengths (in mm) in rice leaves caused by the pathogen eight days post-inoculation (dpi) though the leaf clipping method. Center line indicates median, with lower and upper quartiles below and above; small crosses indicate mean. Statistically significant differences in lesion length between XR1 lines and NB* control were assessed in pairwise comparisons by two-tailed Student’s t-test ( n =40+ leaves from 20+ plants, ** p- value <0.01, *** p- value <0.001). (C) Ontology terms enrichment (biological processes) for genes overlapped by transgenerational hypo- and hypermethylated DMRs unique to X. oryzae -resistant lines XR1-1, XR1-4, XR1-4 and XR1-6. (D) Browser view example (IGV) of transgenerational DMRs maintained as DNA hypomethylated epiallele in line XR1-3 and XR1-6 across one generation, located in the promoter of USP37 (RAP ID Os10g0463300, yellow bar below represents the first exon). Blue bars: methylation % at cytosines in CG context, red bars: methylation % at cytosines in CHG contexts, green bars: methylation % at cytosines in CHH contexts. Positive and negative values represent methylation % of cytosines on the positive or negative strand, respectively.

    Article Snippet: Powdered β-estradiol (TCI chemicals) was dissolved to 100mM stock concentration using DMSO (Fujifilm Wako chemicals).

    Techniques: Methylation, Derivative Assay, Infection, Control, Two Tailed Test

    Pik3cd−/− mice responded poorly to E2 and PMSG induced follicle growth and steroidogenesis. A, Super-ovulation assay for 21–23 day-old Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− littermate females (n = 5 and 6, respectively). Oocytes were harvested from oviducts 16 h after hCG injection and counted under a stereoscope; ***, P < .001. B, Weights of Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries after treatment with PMSG (n = 5 for each genotype); ***, P < .001. C, Numbers of antral follicles in the ovaries of Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− females treated with PMSG for 44 h (n = 3 for each genotype, ovary samples were serially sectioned at 5 μm thicknesses, antral follicles with clear oocyte nuclei were counted on each section); *, P < .05. D, Weights of Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries after treatment with E2 (n = 6 for each genotype); **, P < .01. E, H&E staining of representative Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries at PD21, or PD21 treated with E2 (72 h), PMSG (44 h), or PMSG plus hCG (44 h and 16 h). Scale bar, 200 μm. F, BrdU incorporation demonstrated cell proliferation in ovaries of wild-type mice (PD23) with or without E2 treatment. Scale bar, 100 μm. G, BrdU incorporation demonstrated cell proliferation in the ovaries of Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− mice after E2 injections (72 h). Scale bar, 200 μm. H, Serum levels of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in 5 week-old Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− mice 44 h after PMSG and/or followed by hCG for 48 h (n = 6 for Pik3cd+/−, n = 8 for Pik3cd−/− for each treatment), E2 and P4 levels of PD23 wild-type untreated mice were measured as basal level control; **, P < .01; *, P < .05. I, IHC results for 3β-HSD in Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries at PD23 with or without PMSG treatment (44 h). Scale bar, 200 μm. J and K, Cyp19 and Fshr mRNA levels were detected by Real Time PCR in PD23 Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries before and after PMSG treatment (44 h) (n = 3 for each treatment); **, P < .01; *, P < .05. L, H&E staining of Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries after transplantation. Ovaries removed from 3-day-old mice were transplanted into the kidney capsules of WT adult females followed by daily FSH injection for 20 days. Scale bar, 200 μm.

    Journal: Molecular Endocrinology

    Article Title: Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase p110δ Mediates Estrogen- and FSH-Stimulated Ovarian Follicle Growth

    doi: 10.1210/me.2013-1082

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Pik3cd−/− mice responded poorly to E2 and PMSG induced follicle growth and steroidogenesis. A, Super-ovulation assay for 21–23 day-old Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− littermate females (n = 5 and 6, respectively). Oocytes were harvested from oviducts 16 h after hCG injection and counted under a stereoscope; ***, P < .001. B, Weights of Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries after treatment with PMSG (n = 5 for each genotype); ***, P < .001. C, Numbers of antral follicles in the ovaries of Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− females treated with PMSG for 44 h (n = 3 for each genotype, ovary samples were serially sectioned at 5 μm thicknesses, antral follicles with clear oocyte nuclei were counted on each section); *, P < .05. D, Weights of Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries after treatment with E2 (n = 6 for each genotype); **, P < .01. E, H&E staining of representative Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries at PD21, or PD21 treated with E2 (72 h), PMSG (44 h), or PMSG plus hCG (44 h and 16 h). Scale bar, 200 μm. F, BrdU incorporation demonstrated cell proliferation in ovaries of wild-type mice (PD23) with or without E2 treatment. Scale bar, 100 μm. G, BrdU incorporation demonstrated cell proliferation in the ovaries of Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− mice after E2 injections (72 h). Scale bar, 200 μm. H, Serum levels of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in 5 week-old Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− mice 44 h after PMSG and/or followed by hCG for 48 h (n = 6 for Pik3cd+/−, n = 8 for Pik3cd−/− for each treatment), E2 and P4 levels of PD23 wild-type untreated mice were measured as basal level control; **, P < .01; *, P < .05. I, IHC results for 3β-HSD in Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries at PD23 with or without PMSG treatment (44 h). Scale bar, 200 μm. J and K, Cyp19 and Fshr mRNA levels were detected by Real Time PCR in PD23 Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries before and after PMSG treatment (44 h) (n = 3 for each treatment); **, P < .01; *, P < .05. L, H&E staining of Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries after transplantation. Ovaries removed from 3-day-old mice were transplanted into the kidney capsules of WT adult females followed by daily FSH injection for 20 days. Scale bar, 200 μm.

    Article Snippet: For E2 treatment, β-estradiol powder (Alfa Aesar) was dissolved in 1,2-propanediol (1:130); 21-day-old mice were then injected ip with 60 μL of the solution 3 times per 24 hours, and ovaries were dissected 72 hours after initial injection.

    Techniques: Injection, Staining, BrdU Incorporation Assay, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Transplantation Assay

    E2- and PMSG-induced activation of the PI3K signaling pathway is abolished in Pik3cd−/− ovaries. A and B, IHC results for phospho-Akt (A) and phospho-rpS6 (B) in Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries at PD23, with or without PMSG treatment for 44 hours. Scale bar, 200 μm. C, Total rpS6 was comparable in Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries at PD23 with PMSG treatment for 44 hours. Scale bar, 200 μm. D, IHC results for FOXO1 in Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries at PD23 and with or without PMSG (44 hours) followed by hCG (16 hours) treatment. Scale bar, 200 μm. E, Western blot analysis of PI3K pathway components, including phospho- (p-)Akt (Ser 473), p-Akt (Thr 308), p-p70S6K (Thr 389), p-rpS6 (Ser 235/236), p-FOXO1, FOXO1, and PTEN in Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries of PD23 untreated (NT) mice and with treatment of E2 for 72 hours or PMSG for 44 hours. The level of β-actin was used as the loading control, total proteins were extracted from 4 ovaries for each group, 30 μg protein was loaded per lane, and each experiment was repeated at least 3 times. F, H&E staining of wild-type ovaries (PD23) treated with PMSG or PMSG/SW30 for 44 hours. Scale bar, 200 μm. G, Numbers of ovulated oocytes harvested from superovulated wild-type mice (PD23) with or without SW30 treatment (n = 6).

    Journal: Molecular Endocrinology

    Article Title: Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase p110δ Mediates Estrogen- and FSH-Stimulated Ovarian Follicle Growth

    doi: 10.1210/me.2013-1082

    Figure Lengend Snippet: E2- and PMSG-induced activation of the PI3K signaling pathway is abolished in Pik3cd−/− ovaries. A and B, IHC results for phospho-Akt (A) and phospho-rpS6 (B) in Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries at PD23, with or without PMSG treatment for 44 hours. Scale bar, 200 μm. C, Total rpS6 was comparable in Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries at PD23 with PMSG treatment for 44 hours. Scale bar, 200 μm. D, IHC results for FOXO1 in Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries at PD23 and with or without PMSG (44 hours) followed by hCG (16 hours) treatment. Scale bar, 200 μm. E, Western blot analysis of PI3K pathway components, including phospho- (p-)Akt (Ser 473), p-Akt (Thr 308), p-p70S6K (Thr 389), p-rpS6 (Ser 235/236), p-FOXO1, FOXO1, and PTEN in Pik3cd+/− and Pik3cd−/− ovaries of PD23 untreated (NT) mice and with treatment of E2 for 72 hours or PMSG for 44 hours. The level of β-actin was used as the loading control, total proteins were extracted from 4 ovaries for each group, 30 μg protein was loaded per lane, and each experiment was repeated at least 3 times. F, H&E staining of wild-type ovaries (PD23) treated with PMSG or PMSG/SW30 for 44 hours. Scale bar, 200 μm. G, Numbers of ovulated oocytes harvested from superovulated wild-type mice (PD23) with or without SW30 treatment (n = 6).

    Article Snippet: For E2 treatment, β-estradiol powder (Alfa Aesar) was dissolved in 1,2-propanediol (1:130); 21-day-old mice were then injected ip with 60 μL of the solution 3 times per 24 hours, and ovaries were dissected 72 hours after initial injection.

    Techniques: Activation Assay, Western Blot, Staining